Air pollution is one of the most important health problems of our time, affecting the health of people, animals and the environment. Air quality refers to the levels of pollutants, such as gases and particles, in the air we breathe. It is a measure of how clean or dirty the air is and is determined by a variety of factors, including emissions from vehicles and industrial activities, as well as natural sources such as dust and forest fires. Poor air quality can have adverse effects on human health, including respiratory and cardiovascular problems, and can also harm the environment. By measuring air pollution levels, we can better understand the extent of the problem and take action to reduce exposure and improve public health.

Air quality may vary greatly depending on location and time of day. It’s not only important to be informed about air quality levels in your area, it’s also a civil right. If air quality levels are low, it’s recommended that you limit outdoor activities and keep doors and windows closed to prevent pollutants from entering your home.

Air quality assessment is usually done using indices and indicators as well as concentrations of specific pollutants. For example, the Air Quality Index (AQI) takes into account various pollutants such as ground-level ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide, and provides a numerical value and corresponding color code to indicate the level of health concern associated with air quality. For example, an AQI of 0-50 is considered "good" and poses little or no risk to public health, while an AQI of 301-500 is considered "hazardous" and may cause serious health effects in the general population. This index allows the public to be informed about air quality and take precautions if necessary.

Common air pollution parameters and their effects on human health and the environment:

Ozone (O3): Ozone is a gas naturally found in the upper atmosphere, in the ozone layer that protects us from harmful solar radiation. However, air pollution caused by human activities increases the amount of ozone at surface level. At high levels, it can cause respiratory problems and damage vegetation.

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2): Nitrogen dioxide is a gas produced during the combustion of fuels and is produced by vehicle emissions, energy production, and industrial processes. NO2 can contribute to respiratory diseases and can contribute to the formation of ozone in the atmosphere, causing secondary air pollution.

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2): SO2 is a pollutant that comes from activities such as burning fossil fuels and industrial processes. It can cause respiratory problems and acid rain. It can also contribute to the formation of particulate matter in the atmosphere.

Particulate Matter (PM): Particulate matter is small particles suspended in the air. They can be produced by natural sources (e.g. volcanic activity, soil erosion) and human activities (e.g. vehicle emissions, factory fumes). PM can cause respiratory illnesses, cardiovascular problems, and serious health effects with long-term exposure.